The stun guns are designed for use as a deterrent as well as an active self defense device. In the situations that involve close contact, stun guns will immobilize a potential attacker for several minutes, without causing any permanent damage. In most states there are no legal restrictions against carrying stun guns. They operate on a 9 volt nickel cadmium rechargeable battery or alkaline battery. The technology employed inside the unit steps up the voltage anywhere from 60,000 volts and up, while maintaining an extremely low amperage rating. A 5-second gun burst will cause a chilling loss of balance and muscle control, mental confusion and disorientation, leaving an assailant dazed but not in pain.